Pat Doran construction were chosen to upgrade this south Dublin residence. The project had been proposed as Enerphit but suggested additional costs had brought this into doubt before the involvement of Father and Son team Pat and Paul Doran. “We said it might be possible to do Enerphit without it costing more, “From our experience and knowledge we were able to say that the budget was sufficient, that the house had a good orientation and form factor for passive house” says Paul Doran.

Pat Doran construction specialise in Passive house, Enerphit and NZEB (NEZB) building and through experience and specialist training are offering real low energy building expertise at reasonable prices.

 Enerphit projects are more challenging as details must accommodate the existing building and find ways to sympathetically upgrade the junctions to appropriate levels. The importance of having either an experienced or extremely knowledgeable contractor and design team is important. This skillset enables cost effective solutions for these difficult junctions. Airtightness and thermal bridging detailing are often the most challenging issues.

An example of one such junction was the large steel posts which while internal were connected to the new foundation. Pat Doran construction opted to use compaCFoam to support the steel. compaCFoam is possibly the highest performing thermal isolation material with thermal conductivities as low as 0.038. It is available in different density classes from CF 100 to CF400. CF 100 is typically used for thresholds and CF400 for point loads. CF400 is shown in the above photo.

Just how strong is compaCFoam ? Its surprisingly so – there is a  Datasheet  here but to get a visual – you can build on it, drive on – pretty much whatever you need to do depending on the load and density class.

 Photos – from passivehouseplus.ie

COMPACFOAM system drawings

Thermally broken foundation

U Values are a low quality method of gauging a buildings performance. Airtightness and thermal bridging are incredibly relevant in creating a healthy, efficient building. The extract below from passive house plus via Joseph Little describes the inaccuracy of the current system that we use. The article is thorough and typically detailed and concludes that thermal bridging is generally misunderstood.

‘’Putting a number on the extent of thermal bridging – Irish style  (https://passivehouseplus.ie/articles/heating/thermal-bridging)

Appendix D of TGD L sets out the guidance for dealing with thermal bridging in Irish building regulations. It allows two alternative methods for calculating thermal bridging heat loss of a dwelling.
Method A: default Y-value 

Heat loss through thermal bridging is accounted for in terms of a default Y-value or ‘thermal bridging factor’ (in W/m2K) multiplied by the total envelope area of the dwelling.

The Y-value allowed is either 0.08 W/m2K where the ACDs are used, or 0.15 W/m2K for all other dwellings, be they new, old or retrofitted.14

Method B: calculated heat loss

Each thermal bridge is entered individually with its linear thermal transmittance or Ψ-value (in W/mK) multiplied by the length of the thermal bridge. All of those are summed up to get the total thermal bridging heat loss. 

What was the u-vale in this wall?

Ψ-values can be determined from measurement, numerical modelling or tables D1-D5 in new Appendix D of TGD L(2010) which give calculated values for the ACDs.

Different sources for Ψ can be combined in the same dwelling, for instance taken from Appendix D for the ACDs that are relevant to those junctions and numerically modelled for those that are not.

Y-values in context 
The concept of a Y-value was introduced in TGD L(2007). It represents the thermal bridge heat loss expressed per square metre of envelope area, and is an input in the Deap software. It may seem odd to relate an essentially linear measure to an area but the advantage, if reasonably accurate, is that the Y-value has the same units as the U-value, relates to the same envelope area, and therefore may be directly compared. They may also be combined to get a sense of the full extent of conduction heat loss through the building fabric. For instance for a particular building a Y-value of, let’s say, 0.14 W/m2K could be added to an averaged U-value of 0.44 W/m2K to show us that 0.58 W/m2K is the full extent of fabric heat loss. Several countries do exactly this in trying to arrive at a more sensible understanding of heat loss. In countries like Germany, The Netherlands, Poland and Italy they refer to what we call the Y-value as an increment to the U-value denoted ΔU. In Ireland we still maintain the fallacy that if a wall U-value is calculated as being exactly 0.27 W/m2K that will be the heat loss through it once built.’’  

Compacfoam supporting masonry construction

Until recently we haven’t had a product that can address all of the required functions of a structural thermal break: -

• Performance under stress
• Ability to fix mechanically
• Performance when in contact with water
• Resistance to freezing and shape does not alter
• Ability to machine or cut easily on site
• Diffusion open
• Stable under long term loads

It’s true that aerated blocks (Known as thermal blocks) can help and be used effectively but care must be taken with these as they do not always take fixings and their performance drops sharply when in contact with water. Products based on Foamglass tend to be brittle for site work. The other available solutions are based on recycled PIR – They tend to have higher thermal conductivities than desirable – often over 0.070 to 0.10 W/m-k.

compacfoam in passivhaus

COMPACFOAM is a solution that is changing how we deal with some of the more difficult installations. It’s fair to say it has become – in the UK and Ireland the material of choice for certified passive homes – we believe we have supplied to dozens of dwellings that will actually be certified. Large scale uptake has also started in developer led housing estates in Dublin. We have also used the product for rainscreen facades, large scale roofs and various niche applications.

Compacfoam structural break

COMPACFOAM has a wide range of applications but the most common areas are under, above and at reveals of both windows and doors, to create a thermally broken pocket for a steel beam, creating a continuous insulation line around perimeter of. The biggest savings for low energy dwellings where airtightness and insulation has been addressed is thermal bridging. The COMPCFOAM system can reduce energy losses by 15-20%.

Typical applications Compacfoam and detailed drawings can be found here:

COMPACFOAM system drawings

The below image illustrates the dramatic effect on a parapet by excluding 50mm of COMPACFOAM.

Parapet with and without Compacfoam

 COMPACFOAM system drawings 

Above rafter Insulation

Woodfibre insulation over rafters

Another significant area where a thermal bridge is created is in the roof where there is no insulation outside or inside the rafters. This means 20% of the roof – via the rafter – is often a thermal bridge. We favour a minimum 60mm woodfibre sarking board for over rafter insulation. It’s an excellent thermal bridging solution and is also an ecological, breathable, natural and has impressive heat storage capacities. 

Woodfibre ‘over rafter’ installation

Aerogel insulation

We have recently added Aerogel insulation to our thermal bridging solution range. It’s a problem solver for a wide range of situations from cladding of steel posts, conservation buildings and external wall insulation accessories. It has a reputation as an expensive product but if used correctly is a smart relatively inexpensive solution. It is one the highest performing insulants in the world and has advantages of those with similar thermal conductivities such as VIP (Vacuum insulated panels) in that its is more robust, can be cut or shaped on site, and can be used in a wide variety of areas.

Aerogel blanket insulation

A new timber frame construction was erected adjacent to the older cottage and within 20m of the sea - this challenging location has meant that superior building protection solutions were chosen to ensure long term building security.

The Ampack Airtight system was achieved to enerphit levels of airtightness and to manage vapour in the building. External and internal systems were supplied by Ampack care of Partel which essentially ensures the structure avails of the market leading 10 year warranty by Ampack  

Specialist insulation materials were also used to improve the performance. Cellulose insulation pumped at 65kg/m3 was used in the exterior timber frame walls with 100mm of Woodfibre insulation outside of this. The internal service cavity has 50mm flexible woodfibre insulation (both woodfibre and cellulose are used to keep the house cool in the summer).

Thermal bridging was addressed in all areas using Compacfoam underneath the timberframe and doors and the entire roof has woodfibre insulation over the rafters. Heico fixings were used throughout.

The LUNOS decentralised heat recovery ventilation system was chosen due to guaranteed low sound levels, ease of installation and low running costs. We also used the smart LUNOTHERM element.

Internally the soundproofing of floors used a combination the Idikell system from Ampack and 20mm of rigid high density woodfibre insulation.

The project has finished and the results in terms of location and comfort are exceptional.

(Airtightness, Thermal bridging, Windows and Insulation are all in keeping with many passive house projects recently undertaken but certification was not a requirement from the clients. Building performance and comfort were the primary factors)

Project management, specification and supervision by Corbwell Design. Low energy materials and specification by Partel. Original architectural design by others.